Which of the following features distinguishes Homo neanderthalensis from Homo sapiens?

The distinguishing features of Homo neanderthalensis include larger brow ridges and a robust physique, making this the correct choice. The pronounced brow ridges are a notable characteristic of Neanderthals that set them apart from Homo sapiens, who typically have more subtle brow ridges. Additionally, Neanderthals generally exhibited a robust body structure, characterized by a wider torso and shorter limbs, adapted for a cold climate, which contrasts with the more slender physique adapted for endurance and efficiency seen in modern humans.

While broader shoulders can be associated with Neanderthals, the combination of larger brow ridges and overall robustness serves as a more definitive distinction. Thinner bones and longer limbs are traits that are more commonly associated with Homo sapiens, reflecting their adaptations and physiology. Thus, the features of larger brow ridges and a robust physique are critical in differentiating Neanderthals from modern humans.