NCEA Level 3 Biology – Human Evolution (AS91606) Practice Exam

The development of agriculture significantly transformed human social structures by leading to settled communities. Prior to the advent of agriculture, humans primarily lived as hunter-gatherers, relying on the collection of wild plants and hunting for their food. This lifestyle necessitated a nomadic existence, with groups moving frequently in search of resources.

With the shift to agriculture, people began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals, allowing them to produce a stable food supply. This stability enabled them to establish permanent settlements rather than moving from place to place. As communities became more stable and populations grew, social structures evolved. This included the development of more complex societal hierarchies, specialization of labor, and ultimately, the formation of towns and civilizations.

The establishment of settled communities also led to advancements in technology and culture, as people could focus on activities beyond mere survival, contributing to innovations in art, governance, and trade, all of which were facilitated by a more sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the growth of agriculture was a pivotal catalyst for the development of complex societies.