Which characteristic of Neanderthals indicates their adaptation to cold climates?

The robust physique and shorter limbs of Neanderthals are key indicators of their adaptation to cold climates. This morphological characteristic is consistent with the principle of Allen's Rule, which states that animals adapted to colder environments tend to have shorter appendages to minimize heat loss. Neanderthals evolved in the cold climates of Europe and parts of Asia during the Pleistocene epoch, and their stocky build helped them conserve body heat.

A robust physique required for greater muscle mass and strength is advantageous for survival in colder environments, enabling them to remain active and hunt effectively despite the harsh conditions. Shorter limbs reduce the surface area exposed to the cold, thereby retaining body heat more efficiently. This adaptation is a crucial aspect of their ability to thrive in such environments, distinguishing Neanderthals from other hominin species that adapted to warmer climates and exhibit longer, more slender limb proportions.