What role did harsh environments during the Ice Ages play in evolution?

The harsh environments during the Ice Ages significantly influenced evolution by prompting migrations and innovations among species, particularly early humans. As climatic conditions became increasingly severe, many species, including humans, were forced to adapt to survive. This led to the exploration of new habitats as populations migrated to seek more favorable living conditions, which is a crucial factor in the process of natural selection.

Additionally, the challenges posed by these environments stimulated technological innovations. Early humans developed new tools and strategies to hunt, gather, and create shelter, enhancing their chances of survival. These adaptations not only helped them endure the Ice Ages but also created a foundation for social structures and cultural practices as groups learned to collaborate under stressful conditions. Overall, the pressures of the Ice Ages acted as a catalyst for significant evolutionary changes.