What is the process of speciation in human evolution?

The process of speciation in human evolution refers to the development of new species as a result of genetic divergence. This occurs when populations of the same species become isolated from each other—either geographically or reproductively—leading to independent evolutionary paths. Over time, differences in their environments and genetic changes accumulate, which can result in the emergence of distinct traits and, eventually, new species.

In the context of human evolution, this process can be seen in the divergence of various hominin species as they adapted to different environments and challenges. For instance, as early humans moved into new habitats, variations in traits related to diet, climate adaptation, and social behavior began to differentiate groups, contributing to the eventual rise of distinct species such as Neanderthals or modern Homo sapiens.

The other options describe processes that do not represent speciation. The introduction of new species through human intervention relates more closely to artificial selection or human impact on ecosystems. The extinction of species refers to the loss of species rather than the formation of new ones, and while adaptation to climate change is an important aspect of evolution, it does not directly describe the process of speciation. Thus, the correct understanding of speciation in human evolution specifically emphasizes genetic divergence leading to the formation of new species